Roland Barthes – Cultural, Semantic, Symbolic, Hermeneutic, Proairetic Codes (5 Narrative Codes): “The cultural, or referential code in Star Trek (2009) draws on audience pre-existing understanding of science ‘fact’ while symbolism is created from the tension and character development of Spock and Kirk, placed in opposition to each other. Applying the semantic code there are additional connotations to both characters’ dress code; Spock is clean shaven, immaculately dressed with correct posture and gate while Kirk slumps in his chair, is scruffy on Earth (the bouncer calls him ‘farm boy’) and is not so well turned out. When battle commences the proairetic or action code adds suspense and excitement to the narrative while the hermeneutic code in opposition, limits the audience understanding to create enigma making audiences want to know more”. Goodwin – Useful for Analysing Music Videos if relevant for MS2 or MS3 internal assessment – 5 key features: “Using Andrew Goodwin’s theory of m...